You know that feeling when you finally perfect your eyeliner, and it looks so sharp you could cut glass? Yeah, it feels great. But here’s the thing that most of us probably don’t think about when applying makeup: the environmental impact. Specifically, how your makeup routine might be contributing to one of the planet’s sneakiest pollutants—microplastics.
So, let’s break it down. I’ll cover what microplastics are, how they’re connected to makeup, and most importantly, what you can do to still look like a million bucks without inadvertently sprinkling tiny plastic particles into the environment.
Microplastics 101: Tiny but Mighty (in a Bad Way)
Microplastics are minuscule plastic particles, generally less than 5 millimeters in size, that end up in our water, air, soil, and—unfortunately—our bodies. These plastics come from larger objects that break down (like plastic bottles), as well as from products that contain them directly (enter makeup).
Scientists have found microplastics in some of the most remote places on Earth, from the depths of the ocean to Arctic ice. These particles not only harm marine life but also infiltrate the food chain. And guess who’s at the top of that food chain? Yep, us.
Microplastics have been detected in human blood, lungs, and even placentas. That means our makeup habits aren’t just an environmental issue—they’re a human health one too.
Where Microplastics Hide in Makeup
When you think about makeup, you probably think of bright colors, smooth textures, and maybe even that irresistible shimmer. Unfortunately, many of these attributes are made possible through synthetic polymers—AKA plastics. Let’s dive into where microplastics tend to pop up in your favorite beauty products.
1. Shimmer and Glitter: The Plastic Party on Your Face
If you love a little glitter in your eyeshadow or highlighter, you might not love this next part. Glitter, unless specifically labeled as biodegradable or eco-friendly, is typically made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a type of plastic. Every time you wash off that glittery eyeshadow or scrub away a sparkly lipstick, tiny plastic particles wash down the drain, contributing to the microplastic load in our waterways.
And no, glitter isn’t just found in eyeshadows and lip glosses—it’s in nail polish, body creams, and even some skincare products that claim to give you a “glowing” look. It’s like a tiny plastic rave on your skin, and the party doesn’t end when you remove your makeup.
2. Emulsifiers and Binders: Plastics in Disguise
Even makeup that doesn’t look like plastic can still contain synthetic polymers. Many makeup products, especially foundations, mascaras, and lipsticks, contain microplastic ingredients like acrylates, polyethylene, and nylon. These help to give products that smooth texture or long-lasting wear we’ve all come to expect.
Check the label on your makeup products, and you might see terms like polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), or polypropylene. These are all forms of plastic that don’t break down easily and end up contributing to the microplastic problem when washed down the drain.
3. Microbeads: The OG Microplastic Villain
While microbeads have been largely phased out of personal care products since bans were implemented in many countries (thanks to the public outrage), they’re still worth mentioning. Back in the day, these tiny plastic spheres were added to exfoliating face washes and scrubs. Despite their villainous reputation, some microbeads still find their way into niche beauty products. So, keep an eye out!
4. Packaging Woes: Double Trouble
While this isn’t directly about the makeup formula, let’s talk packaging. That sleek plastic tube of mascara or foundation bottle doesn’t break down easily either. The cosmetic industry produces millions of tons of plastic packaging each year, much of which is not recyclable. This contributes to plastic pollution, which eventually breaks down into—you guessed it—microplastics.
The Good News: Steps You Can Take to Reduce Microplastic Pollution
Alright, I’m not here to totally ruin your morning beauty routine. There’s hope! Here’s how you can keep looking fabulous while also helping the planet—and your own health—by cutting down on your microplastic footprint.
1. Read the Labels: Become a Microplastic Detective
Get into the habit of reading the ingredient list on your beauty products. If you see things like polyethylene, polypropylene, or acrylates, it’s time to reconsider. These are all forms of plastic that contribute to microplastic pollution.
Look for brands that specifically market their products as “microplastic-free.” They’re out there!
2. Switch to Natural and Biodegradable Products
Opt for products with biodegradable ingredients, like mica (for that shimmer), instead of plastic-based glitter. Many eco-friendly beauty brands offer alternatives that don’t sacrifice quality for sustainability. Some brands have even started using plant-based or mineral-based binders and emulsifiers in place of synthetic polymers.
3. Choose Eco-Friendly Glitter (Yes, It’s a Thing!)
If you can’t give up that festival-ready glitter, make sure it’s biodegradable. Companies like BioGlitz and EcoStardust make glitters that break down naturally, without leaving plastic particles behind.
4. Be Mindful of Packaging
Where possible, choose makeup brands that offer eco-friendly or refillable packaging options. For example, brands like Kjaer Weis offer refillable compacts and containers, cutting down on the plastic waste that contributes to microplastic pollution.
5. Limit Single-Use Plastics
From makeup wipes to packaging, single-use plastics are everywhere in the beauty industry. Try switching to reusable makeup removal pads or packaging-free solid products like those offered by Lush.